Income Tax (Tables)
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
|
Reconciliation of Income Tax Attributable to Operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
2016 |
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
Income taxes at statutory rates (at a rate of 34% for all periods
presented)
|
|
$ |
(6,844 |
) |
|
$ |
(5,712 |
) |
|
$ |
(8,922 |
) |
Expenses not deducted for tax purposes
|
|
|
(67 |
) |
|
|
(14 |
) |
|
|
(452 |
) |
Effect of tax rate changes on deferred tax assets and
liabilities
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
(9 |
) |
Rate differential on foreign earnings
|
|
|
972 |
|
|
|
689 |
|
|
|
1,445 |
|
Reduction (increase) in benefit of operating losses
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
(32 |
) |
|
|
441 |
|
Reduction in the benefit of other tax attributes
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Investment tax credits
|
|
|
(252 |
) |
|
|
(297 |
) |
|
|
(357 |
) |
Change in valuation allowance
|
|
|
6,203 |
|
|
|
5,114 |
|
|
|
7,854 |
|
Book to tax return adjustments
|
|
|
(205 |
) |
|
|
265 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax expense
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
Summary of Investment Tax Credits and Non-Capital Losses and Net Operating Losses |
The investment tax credits and non-capital losses and net operating
losses for income tax purposes expire as follows (in
thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment
Tax Credits |
|
|
Net Operating
Losses |
|
|
Non-capital
Losses |
|
2016
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
2017
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
2018
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
10,795 |
|
|
|
— |
|
2019
|
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
— |
|
2020
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
2,745 |
|
|
|
— |
|
2021
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
— |
|
2022
|
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
11,766 |
|
|
|
— |
|
2023
|
|
|
96 |
|
|
|
10,785 |
|
|
|
— |
|
2024
|
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
16,814 |
|
|
|
— |
|
2025
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
2,062 |
|
|
|
— |
|
2026
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
27,157 |
|
|
|
7,335 |
|
2027
|
|
|
173 |
|
|
|
22,225 |
|
|
|
4,949 |
|
2028
|
|
|
390 |
|
|
|
12,648 |
|
|
|
8,020 |
|
2029
|
|
|
317 |
|
|
|
4,358 |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
2030
|
|
|
346 |
|
|
|
5,034 |
|
|
|
6,288 |
|
2031
|
|
|
608 |
|
|
|
6,200 |
|
|
|
12,121 |
|
2032
|
|
|
505 |
|
|
|
8,418 |
|
|
|
17,278 |
|
2033
|
|
|
411 |
|
|
|
2,366 |
|
|
|
23,240 |
|
2034
|
|
|
492 |
|
|
|
2,609 |
|
|
|
17,077 |
|
2035
|
|
|
328 |
|
|
|
5,342 |
|
|
|
3,120 |
|
2036
|
|
|
286 |
|
|
|
6,635 |
|
|
|
16,531 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
5,109 |
|
|
$ |
158,391 |
|
|
$ |
115,950 |
|
|
Significant Components of Company's Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities |
Significant components of our deferred tax assets as of
December 31 are shown below (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 |
|
|
2015 |
|
Deferred tax assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax basis in excess of book value of assets
|
|
$ |
6,483 |
|
|
$ |
6,308 |
|
Non-capital loss carryforwards
|
|
|
84,358 |
|
|
|
77,746 |
|
Research and development deductions and credits
|
|
|
7,969 |
|
|
|
7,484 |
|
Stock options
|
|
|
3,743 |
|
|
|
3,448 |
|
Restructuring liability
|
|
|
624 |
|
|
|
474 |
|
Other
|
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
1,627 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax assets
|
|
|
103,289 |
|
|
|
97,087 |
|
Valuation allowance
|
|
$ |
(103,289 |
) |
|
$ |
(97,087 |
) |
Net deferred tax assets
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits of Uncertain Tax Positions |
A reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits of uncertain tax
positions for the year ended December 31, 2016 is as follows
(in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended
December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 |
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
Balance at January 1
|
|
$ |
2,055 |
|
|
$ |
2,039 |
|
|
$ |
2,007 |
|
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
Additions based on tax positions related to prior years
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31
|
|
$ |
2,071 |
|
|
$ |
2,055 |
|
|
$ |
2,039 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summary of Years Open to Examination Under Different Jurisdiction |
Tax audits by their very nature are often complex and can require
several years to complete.
|
|
|
|
|
Tax Jurisdiction
|
|
Years open to
examination |
|
Canada
|
|
|
2008 to 2016 |
|
US
|
|
|
2013 to 2016 |
|
|