50,000,000 authorized common shares, par value of $0.001, and 5,000,000 preferred shares, par value of $0.001.

Equity Award Issuances and Settlements

During the three month period ended March 31, 2014, we issued 10,000 and 35,309 common shares to satisfy stock option exercises and restricted stock unit settlements, respectively, compared with the issuance of 3,100 and 10,004 common shares to satisfy stock option exercises and restricted stock unit settlements, respectively, during the three month period ended March 31, 2013.

2010 Performance Incentive Plan

As of March 31, 2014, we had reserved, pursuant to various plans, 2,335,548 common shares for issuance upon exercise of stock options and settlement of restricted stock units by employees, directors, officers and consultants of ours, of which 1,257,088 were reserved for options currently outstanding, 557,149 were reserved for restricted stock units currently outstanding and 521,311 were available for future equity grants.

Stock Option Summary

Options vest in accordance with terms as determined by our Board of Directors, or the Board, which terms are typically four years for employee and consultant grants and one to three years for Board option grants. The expiry date for each option is set by the Board, which is typically seven to ten years. The exercise price of the options is determined by the Board, but will be at least equal to the fair value of the share at the grant date.

Stock option transactions and the number of stock options outstanding are summarized below:

The fair value of each stock award for employees and directors is estimated on the grant date and for consultants at each reporting period, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the weighted-average assumptions noted in the following table:

The expected life was calculated based on the simplified method as permitted by the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin 110, Share-Based Payment. We consider the use of the simplified method appropriate because we believe our historical stock option exercise activity may not be indicative of future stock option exercise activity because of the SYNERGY and Borealis-1 clinical data results we expect to receive in 2014, the structural changes to our business that may result and the potential impact of that data on our business operations and future stock option exercise activity. The expected volatility of options granted was calculated based on the historical volatility of the shares of our common stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on a U.S. Treasury instrument whose term is consistent with the expected life of the stock options. In addition to the assumptions above, as required under ASC 718, management made an estimate of expected forfeitures and is recognizing compensation costs only for those equity awards expected to vest. Forfeiture rates are estimated using historical actual forfeiture rates. These rates are adjusted on a quarterly basis and any change in compensation expense is recognized in the period of the change. We have never paid or declared cash dividends on our common stock and do not expect to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

The results for the periods set forth below included share-based compensation expense for stock options and restricted stock units in the following expense categories of the consolidated statements of loss (in thousands):

As of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options granted was $4.2 million and $2.7 million respectively, which is expected to be recognized as expense over a period of approximately 2.9 years.

As of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, a total of 3.4 million and 3.0 million, respectively, of shares underlying options, restricted stock units and warrants have not been included in the loss per share computation, as their effect on diluted per share amounts would have been anti-dilutive.

We grant restricted stock unit awards that generally vest and are expensed over a four year period. We also grant restricted stock unit awards that vest in conjunction with certain performance conditions to certain executive officers, key employees and consultants. At each reporting date, we are required to evaluate whether achievement of the performance conditions is probable. Compensation expense is recorded over the appropriate service period based upon our assessment of accomplishing each performance provision. For the three months ended March 31, 2014, $0.5 million of compensation expense was recognized related to these awards, compared to $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2013.

The following table summarizes our restricted stock unit award activity during the three months ended March 31, 2014:

As of March 31, 2014, we had approximately $5.0 million in total unrecognized compensation expense related to our restricted stock unit awards that is to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 3.2 years.

We recognize non-employee stock-based compensation expense over the period of expected service by the non-employee. As the service is performed, we are required to update our valuation assumptions, re-measure unvested options and restricted stock units and record the stock-based compensation using the valuation as of the vesting date. This differs from the accounting for employee awards where the fair value is determined at the grant date and is not subsequently adjusted. This re-measurement may result in higher or lower stock-based compensation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Loss and Comprehensive Loss. As such, changes in the market price of our stock could materially change the value of an option or restricted stock unit and the resulting stock-based compensation expense.

As of March 31, 2014, there were exercisable warrants outstanding to purchase 1,587,301 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $20 per share, expiring in October 2015. No warrants were exercised during the three month periods ended March 31, 2014 or 2013. The estimated fair value of warrants issued is reassessed at each balance sheet date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following assumptions were used to value the warrants on the following balance sheet dates: